Integrators have been hanging flat panel TVs and installing projectors for decades, but how many of those are calibrated?
 
There is no doubt that every year TVs and projectors get better and better, and with HDMI 2.1 already here, we are about to see some truly unbelievable images. As great as these displays are, we are (and will always be) dealing with the same old dilemma: the display manufacturers have no idea what type of room the display will be in. They also can't predict every lighting condition, seating positions, what type of content the customer will be watching, nor what other gear may be in the system. ​

So, how do you ensure that the picture quality is optimized for each and every one of your clients? The answer is calibration. Calibration is a 100% custom service based on the client's unique environment and situation. No two rooms, systems, or people are the same, so why treat them as such?
 
As I travel around and teach people about displays and calibration, I have been bringing up the infamous Game of Thrones episode that was "too dark" (read my take on the episode here). Every time the topic comes up, everyone in the room winces and has a nice chuckle about the amount of controversy this caused. Multiple integrators have told me that their customers were calling in, claiming that their new TV was broken! Here is my question: if the display the customer was watching had been calibrated, would there have even been a controversy? Or phone calls? Or truck rolls?

​Today’s digital age has resulted in a greater need for homeowners, bars, airports, and sports arenas to distribute audio and video over long distances. Previously, coax cable was used to transmit these analog signals but, as resolution has increased, so has bandwidth. This created a need for infrastructures that can distribute higher bandwidth digital signals over a long distance.
 
The use of Category cable and the introduction of HDBaseT came to the rescue. Using CAT cable, we can extend HDMI signals over 10x the distance of HDMI’s 10-meter specification. However, HDBaseT doesn’t use a traditional digital signal to transmit audio and video. While connection speeds for networks are measured in Mbps (Digital measurement of bits), HDBaseT signals are measured in MHz (Analog measurement of waveforms).

So, what does this mean?
 
Traditional ways of testing CAT cable using category testers does not determine whether or not the CAT cable can handle an HDBaseT signal. Most testing equipment made for category cables will check that the pinouts match on both ends of the cable, and sometimes the distance; more expensive units can even test for network speeds. Unfortunately, even if they can test data rates, it’s done in Mbps, and HDBaseT is measured in MHz. This renders the device inadequate for audio/video signals. While both can fall victim to EMI and attenuation from length, HDBaseT signals are more susceptible to both.
 
So, how do I test HDBaseT signals?
While there are a few solutions that test CAT cable for HDBaseT signals, they are expensive and few and far between. Don’t worry, hope is not lost. Tests can be run using a few simple tools you may already have:

• A verified, working HDBaseT extender
  • Verify POE over CAT
  • Verify a link between devices
• An 18Gbps HDMI Test Generator
  • Murideo Fox & Hound
• Combined 18Gbps Generator and HDBaseT extender
  • Verify the necessary resolution passes over category
  • Verify the resolution can reach total category distance

 
Together these tools are only a proving ground for category and better results can be achieved by following both the HDBaseT Gold Standard and the HDBaseT Do’s and Don’ts. Checking category runs prevents frustration during installation and helps prevent additional truck rolls costing you money.

​One of the most common issues that integrators have today is not being able to trigger HDR on a display. This can be frustrating, especially when it seems like all of the stars are aligned and everything in the system is HDR capable. Here are some tips on system setup and troubleshooting that will help you in case you run into this issue.
 
In the following scenario we are looking at this system:
UHD Blu-ray Player --> AVPro Edge Matrix Switch --> AVR --> Display
 
Some tips before you start troubleshooting:

1. Be sure that ALL devices in the system are 18Gbps capable and have the most up to date firmware.
   
   
2. Be sure that all devices are configured correctly for 18Gbps. This includes ensuring that you are using the correct input and output on each device and checking the setup menus for things like HDMI Deep Color, UHD Color, or HDMI Enhanced. Each manufacturer does things a little differently so be sure to check the owner’s manual for specifics.
   
   
3. TEST ALL HDMI CABLES BEFORE INSTALLATION. Just because the packaging says 18Gbps doesn't mean that the cable is functional. Most HDMI cables are mass produced, and it is not uncommon for "budget" HDMI cables do be DOA or have some type of issue. Also, a cable that passes 18Gbps at 2 meters may not pass 18Gbps at 5 meters even though the cables are from the same series or manufacturer. TEST TEST TEST! Click here for instructions on how to perform a cable test with Murideo HDMI test equipment.
   
   
4. If you are playing a disc, be sure that you put in the UHD disc and not the HD disc. Most UHD movies include both versions so it can be confusing.
   
   
5. If using Netflix, be sure that the associated account has been upgraded to Premium. This must be done from a web browser.
   
   
6. EDID management plays a big role in troubleshooting these types of issues. Be aware that every device with an input has an EDID. It is essential that you understand how EDID works and how to manage it within each device in the system. For more information on EDID click here

 
How to troubleshoot for "No HDR":
 
NOTE: Conduct these troubleshooting tests with either the Murideo SIX A and G or the Fox & Hound Kit. This guide is written for the SIX A & G Test Suite, but the process is almost exactly the same with the Fox & Hound Kit. Always have a known good 18Gbps HDMI cable in your kit. You will use this for testing different components in the system.

Testing the source:

1. Play HDR content from the source
2. Connect the HDMI analyzer to the output of the source
3. Look for an image to appear on the analyzer's LCD screen
4. Once the LCD screen is showing the source, press "OK" (Six-A) or “Info” (Fox & Hound) on the analyzer
5. Look for the HDR metadata flag to say "Yes".
6. If it does, then the player is set up correctly. If it does not, confirm that the player’s output is set correctly for HDR
7. Test the original HDMI cable for 18Gbps compatibility
8. If the cable tests out and shows zero errors, it’s time to move on to the next component downstream. In this case that would be the Matrix Switch
9. Some Blu-ray players have 2 HDMI outputs and both may not be 18Gbps capable. Be sure that you are using the correct output on the player

Testing the matrix switch:

1. Connect the HDMI signal generator to the input on the matrix switch (be sure to use the same input that the source is plugged into)
2. Generate an HDR test signal by setting the generator’s output to 2160p24, YC444, 10bit, WCG, HDR
3. Confirm that the TV is receiving an HDR signal
4. If it is, then the problem lies in the source. Confirm the output of the source is set correctly for HDR and that you are playing an HDR capable disc
5. If the TV is not receiving an HDR signal, then check the EDID on the Matrix Switch. You can do this with the HDMI signal generator or on the Matrix Switch itself (on the front panel or with the web interface). There are several built in EDIDs in the matrix switch. You can use one that calls for 4k/HDR or you could copy the EDID from the TV
   
   NOTE: Before copying the EDID from the TV to the matrix switch, confirm that that TV has the desired EDID. To do this follow these steps:

1. Connect the Six G directly to the TV in the same input that you are using during normal operation
2. Confirm that the input is 18Gbps capable and that it is configured (see step 2 in the intro)
3. Using the generator, confirm that the TVs EDID is indeed asking for an HDR signal

 
If the source is outputting an HDR signal, the HDMI cable connecting the blu-ray player to the matrix switch tests out, and the matrix switch’s EDID is correct, then the problem should be solved. If not, confirm that the HDMI cable that connects the matrix switch to the AVR is passing 18Gbps. If it is not, replace the cable. If the cable tests out and shows zero errors, it’s time to move to the next component downstream. In this case that would be the AVR.
 
 Testing the AVR:
Since the AVR has an input and an output you will have to test both.

1. Connect the generator to the input on the AVR that you will be using during normal operation
2. Connect the output of the AVR to the analyzer
3. Generate an HDR test signal by setting the generator’s output to 2160p24, YC444, 10bit, WCG, HDR
4. Using the analyzer, confirm that an HDR signal is passing through the AVR. If it is, then move on to the display. If it is not, then follow these steps:
   1. Check the AVR’s EDID with the generator. Confirm that it is asking for an HDR signal. If it is not, check that the AVR’s input is configured for HDR (look for settings such as HDMI deep color, UHD color, etc. Each manufacturer does things a little differently so be sure to check the owner’s manual for specifics).
   2. Confirm that the HDMI cable that connects the AVR to the TV is passing 18Gbps. If it is not, replace the cable. If the cable tests out and shows zero errors, it’s time to move on to the next component downstream. In this case that would be the TV
      
      

Testing the TV:
At this point you have tested every other component and every HDMI cable in the system. If you are still not able to get HDR to the TV, follow these steps to test it:

1. Play HDR content from the source
2. Install the HDMI signal analyzer at the end of the signal chain in place of the TV
3. Once an image appears on the screen, press “OK” on the Analyzer (SIX-A)
4. Look for the HDR metadata flag to say “Yes”. If it does:
   1. Unplug the HDMI cable from the analyzer and back into the TV
   2. As long as you are using the correct input for 18Gbps and the input is configured correctly the problem should be solved
5. If the HDR metadata flag says “NO”:
   1. Verify that you are plugged into the correct input on the TV for 18Gbps
   2. Verify that the input is configured correctly for 18Gbps  

In some cases, you may be dealing with an HDBaseT Matrix Switch. Here are some tips from HDBaseT that will endure a successful installation:
​

1. LAN is thy cable
   HDBaseT runs on a regular LAN cable (Cat5e or above) so any best practices regarding Ethernet installations also apply here. Cable performance is defined by the quality of the cable, the distance of the connection, the handling of the cable, and the video resolution expected. A rule of thumb is that the higher resolution, the better the cable should be. The same goes for distance. The cabling infrastructure in any project is likely to be around for a long time – it should last longer than any other component in the network, and choice of cable should take into consideration new applications, additional users and potential expansions of the whole system. WE CANNOT GUARANTEE PERFORMANCE UNLESS USING CAT6a OR HIGHER.
   
   
2. Thou shalt not untwist your wires unnecessarily
   There is a reason that the wires are twisted: it cancels out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources and crosstalk from neighboring conductors.  When terminating the cable, make sure not to untwist more than half-an-inch (and preferably a quarter-of-an-inch) from the point of termination, and remove as little of the sheath as possible.
   
   
3. Thou shalt handle your cable with care
   LAN cables are fairly resilient. Yet, any rough handling, such as tight tie wraps, clamping or stapling can damage the cable, compromising performance or even preventing signal transmission. Tie cables loosely with appropriate cable wraps, and make sure to use appropriate cable support systems when too many cables are involved, such as trays, carriers or J-hooks. If pulling cables is necessary, make sure not to pull too hard because that also may cause pairs to untwist and degrade performance. Cable physical protection safeguards the integrity of data transmission.
   
   
4. Thou shalt not overbend your cables
   Another important issue for cable integrity is the bend radius.  Bend radius is the inside curve of the cable during and after installation.  It is best to keep the minimum bend radius at least at four times the diameter of the cable – that means that the cable should not be bent below that radius, so as not to damage it and compromise signal transmission.  Overbending may loosen or otherwise modify the wire twisting and increase susceptibility to external noise and near-end crosstalk within the cable.
   
   
5. Thou shalt keep your cables away from power sources
   Cables should be kept at a distance of at least 12 inches from power cables.  In an environment prone to high EMI, it is best to use shielded cables.  Most Cat5e cables are unshielded, which makes them more flexible, durable and inexpensive.  But they are also more susceptible to EMI. 
   
   If using unshielded cables, keep them away from any source of EMI such as other cables, transformers and light fixtures. In high RF environments, it is best to use shielded cables. 
   
   The same applies to shielded connectors. In a shielded connector, the signal pins are surrounded by a metal shield, and further reduce electromagnetic interference. Shielded connectors provide a better fit and therefore better performance.
   
   
6. Thou shalt mind your distances carefully
   HDBaseT delivers the 5Play feature set over 100m/328 ft.  One of the factors that affects distance is the quality of the cable used, the working environment, and the video resolution expected. Higher quality cable will keep the signal better than low quality cable over distances.  A noise free environment will deliver better performance over the distance than a noisy or EMI-prone environment.  Some HDBaseT equipment allows for Long Reach connectivity – 150m/492ft – for lower resolutions of 720p.
   
   
7. Thou shalt not use patch cords unnecessarily
   If possible, avoid patch cords or cables altogether, as every connection introduces losses in the transmission. If absolutely necessary, make sure to use less than two per cable run and keep each less than five meters from the end.
   
   
8. Thou shalt terminate carefully
   ​One of the advantages of HDBaseT’s using of LAN cables is that they are easily field terminated.  That means there is no need to pre-measure cables and bring all the setup ready ahead of time, saving time & money.  Make sure to use proper equipment for termination, such as cable strippers, electrician scissors, and crimpers.  Also, make sure that both ends of the cable are wired according to the same scheme, either T568A or T568B. Never use both in the same installation. It is also recommended to check with HDBaseT manufacturers which scheme their products are optimized and equalized for, to take full advantage of the expected performance. 
   
   
9. Thou shalt be thorough and test, test, test
   Testing is crucial to guarantee both cable quality and signal integrity.  Pre-testing can save hours and resources from troubleshooting any issue ahead of time.  During and after installation, a professional test equipment will check connections and transmission of the installed infrastructure, beyond broken or mismatched wires, but also any hidden issues that may cause interference or loss of signal.  Make sure to test every cable as it is installed and terminated, to identify individual problems as the installation goes.
   
   
10. Thou shalt be organized
    Document and label all cabling components to facilitate any upgrades or expansions later, including diagrams. Remove any abandoned cables to prevent accidents or fire hazards.  Avoid routing cables through pipes and holes, which may limit additional future cable runs.​​

​For years televisions have been plug-and-play. From the introduction of color television, to component, to the early years of HDMI, everything just worked. Today, we live in a world of catching up. Our legacy set top boxes struggle to produce 4K while advanced 4K displays sometimes resist the change to new formats. But hope is not lost, understanding common issues in today’s mixed resolution world can decrease the amount of time spent troubleshooting.

4K and HDR have taken the world by storm. Next-Gen gaming consoles and premium streaming devices have made this possible within the home but not all displays are as accepting as others. You may find a host of problems while simply trying to connect your device. 
Problem:

• When trying to pass 4K HDR or 4K60 4:4:4 the display connection drops out or becomes discolored.

Solution:

• Ensure you are using an 18Gbps HDMI Cable with Ethernet
• Most displays have an “enhanced” format setting that allows the display to do 4:4:4 chroma when in 4K and enables HDR. This may be enabled on all outputs or only select outputs. To find the correct setting for your display refer to www.rtings.com/tv/learn/chroma-subsampling under the How to get the best results section

Distributed systems are a perfect way to deliver all sources to any part of the home; but what about HDR sources on legacy displays that do not support it? While scaling to the resolution of the display may show picture, you might find an issue with the image displayed.
Problem:

• A legacy display’s picture appears washed out while scaling HDR content.

Solution:

• Setting all sources to SDR will resolve this issue. This problem occurs because most legacy displays do not know how to process HDR metadata correctly, producing a light washed out effect over the screen.

Dolby Vision is the cream of the crop in terms of HDR. The ability to adjust brightness levels frame by frame attracts many consumers to buy displays capable of doing it. Unfortunately, not everyone can agree on how to process Dolby Vision leaving us with different profiles used in the market. If the source plugs directly into the display, this is not an issue. However, in a distributed system with multiple displays capable of Dolby Vision, they might not be processing it the same.
​
Problem:

• The screen on some displays is pink and fine on others while using Dolby Vision.

Solution:

• Ensure that all of the devices have up to date firmware.
• If in a distributed system, use EDID management and copy the EDID from the trouble display. This display's profile of Dolby Vision will work with all displays that are capable.

​As displays continue to move from 4K to 8K and beyond it is almost guaranteed that new issues will arise. Being able to diagnose these problems now will help your ability to address them in the future. For help managing EDID and addressing high end 4K visit support.AVProEdge.com or give us a call at 877-886-5112.